- e3: The most common allele worldwide and is viewed as the neutral allele, with no increased or decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
- e4: Associated with an increased risk of high LDL-cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis
- e2: Associated with lower LDL-cholesterol levels in the blood, but increased risk of high blood sugar and hyperlipoproteinemia type III, leading to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease
- Two copies of the e3 allele: Not at increased risk of CVD
- One e3 allele and one e2 allele: Not at increased risk of CVD
- Two copies of the e2 allele: Lower LDL-cholesterol but increased risk of hyperlipoproteinemia type III, which can contribute towards CVD
- One or two copies of the e4 allele: Elevated LDL-cholesterol and increased risk of CVD